to find b you would be using the equation y=mx+b so to find be simply look at your equation and put your numbers in place so the answers so you would put your answers for the first one y=(m=-2)x(b=-3)
so easily the answers to these would be a=-3, b=-3 ,c=-4 ,d=-2
have a good night but definitly remeber the formula i told you for a test
