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Because the persecution of the African Americans were getting very severe
Marin Luther King Jr. said that African-Americans could no longer wait for reform as the persecution against them was increasing day by day.
Martin Luther King Jr. even wrote a book called Why We Can't Wait about the nonviolent movement against racial segregation in the United States, and specifically the 1963 Birmingham campaign. The book describes 1963 as a landmark year in the civil rights movement, and as the beginning of America's "Negro Revolution".
The seed of the book is King's "Letter from Birmingham Jail". The letter became nationally known and received interest from the New York publishing world, which Stanley Levison relayed to King in May 1963. Soon after, Levison made a deal with New American Library publisher Victor Weybright, who suggested that the theme of not waiting be used for the title. Weybright also gave permission for "Letter from Birmingham Jail" to be republished in national newspapers and magazines; it appeared in July 1963 as "Why the Negro Won't Wait"
King gives several reasons why the Negro Revolution erupted in 1963:
- Disillusionment with the slow speed of school desegregation after Brown v. Board (1954).
- Lack of confidence in politicians and government, particularly after the perceived failures of the Kennedy administration. These included a weak stance on housing discrimination and a lack of support for Black voting rights in the South.
- Decolonization of Africa (and of Asia), and the international perception of the American Negro as downtrodden and powerless.
- The centennial of the 1863 Emancipation Proclamation reminded Blacks that they remained oppressed in spite of their nominal legal freedom.
- The Great Depression never ended for African Americans; while others enjoyed an economic recovery, Black unemployment rose. King says that economic inequality in America became particularly obvious in 1963.
- The rise to prominence of nonviolent direct action as a means for demanding change.
Who was Martin Luther King Jr.?
Martin Luther King Jr. was an American Baptist minister and activist who became the most visible spokesman and leader in the civil rights movement from 1955 until his assassination in 1968.
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