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White blood cells or WBCs are immune blood cells, responsible for protecting the body against cancer cells, foreign invaders and infectious diseases. These cells include monocytes, lymphocytes, and natural killer cells.
If an individual is able to fight with infectious agents and can protect the body from diseases, it indicates that the WBCs of his body are functioning properly. Individuals with a normal functioning immune cells are called as immunocompetents.
The immune system of a person is capable to fight with infectious microorganisms and can easily protect the body from infectious diseases. This condition indicates that the white blood cells are functioning properly.
Further Explanation:
The foreign particles can be either dust particles or microbial pathogens and pollens. The pathogens are removed by the action of immune cells called white blood cells (monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes). In a healthy individual, the total WBC (white blood cell) count ranges between 4,500 to 11,000/ . When an infection is caused, or the person has some allergy, this count is increased. For an acute bacterial infection, the count increases to 12,000-30,000 range.The effective immune system is fighting with any microorganism or damage that can efficiently protect the body by releasing certain chemicals.
Infectious diseases caused by microbes (bacteria, virus, and parasites) or due to allergy can be diagnosed by checking these differential counts:
1. Neutrophils- The normal level of neutrophils is 54-62%. But in the case of bacterial infection, the count is found to be increased because of more band cells. However, a viral infection can result in a decrease in the normal level of neutrophils.
2. Eosinophil- The normal range of eosinophil count is 1 to 3%. The cell count is found to be elevated in parasite infections caused by intestinal or blood parasite.
3. Basophils- In normal individuals, the count of basophils is 0-0.75%. But in the case of an allergy, these cells are more in number.
4. Lymphocytes- In viral infections, these cell types are increased from 25-33% as compared to those present in normal humans.
5. Monocytes- They normally constitute 3-7% of WBCs. Their count rises when there are chronic infections like tuberculosis, Rickettsia, and many protozoan infections.
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Answer Details:
Grade: High School
Subjects: Biology
Chapter: Immunology
Keywords:
White blood cell, immune system, infection, neutrophils, lungs, foreign particle, damage, kill, monocytes, lymphocytes, allergy, eosinophils.
