Answer:
the correct answer is d) Rosenhan Experiment, not c) Hawthorne studies
Explanation:
The Hawthorne studies did not involve sending fake letters containing confessions to Northeastern and Southern US business owners. Instead, the Hawthorne studies were a series of experiments conducted at the Western Electric Hawthorne Works in Chicago in the 1920s and 1930s. These studies aimed to understand the effects of various factors, such as lighting and working conditions, on worker productivity and motivation.
The study that actually involved sending fake letters containing confessions to business owners is known as the Rosenhan Experiment. This experiment was conducted in 1973 by psychologist David Rosenhan. The purpose of the experiment was to investigate the reliability and validity of psychiatric diagnosis.
During the Rosenhan Experiment, participants pretended to have symptoms of mental illness in order to gain admission to psychiatric hospitals. Once admitted, they stopped simulating any symptoms and acted normally. Despite their behavior returning to normal, the participants were not detected as impostors by the hospital staff. This experiment highlighted the limitations and potential biases in psychiatric diagnosis.
Therefore, the correct answer is d) Rosenhan Experiment, not c) Hawthorne studies.
