Respuesta :
A mutated EGFR gene may cause the up-regulation of the growth factor receptors. This causes an abnormally high levels growth factor response to occur even when growth factors have not bound the receptor causing the epidermal cells to proliferate. This unregulated growth causes cancer such as adenocarcinoma.
The mutated EGFR allele leads to development of cancer.
Further Explanation:
Proto-oncogenes are the genes that induces normal cells to become cancerous if they are mutated which is dominant in nature.
The mutated proto-oncogene becomes oncogene when mutated. Most of the time proto-oncogene encodes proteins which stimulates the cell to divide, inhibit cell differentiation and prevents cell death and these processes is crucial for normal development and maintenance of organs. But oncogenes shows higher cell division, decreased cell differentiation and cell death inhibition which is the characteristics of cancer cell.
EGFR or Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor functions in regulating the epithelial tissue developmental process and homeostasis. In cancer cells EGFR is inappropriately activated in the cancer cell due to point mutations or transcriptional upregulation. EGFR has also been marked as the biomarker of resistance in tumors.
EGFR are involved in canonical EGFR signaling pathway which is ligand and kinase-dependent.
When there is absence of stimulation, the EGFR is normally found to be in auto-inhibited, incompetent state in plasma membrane. Binding of ligand allows the receptor dimerization which further leads to EGFR kinase activation.
EGFR signaling can be disrupted due to EGFR gene amplification or mutations. Mostly the mutations occurs in glioblastoma and lung cancer. These genetic lesion is accompanied by increase in EGFR ligand production.in certain cases genetic changes determines the abnormal trafficking of EGFR that leads to enhanced signaling and tumor development.
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Answer Details:
Grade: College biology
Subject: Biology
Chapter: Cancer biology
Keywords:
Proto-oncogenes , genes, normal cells, cancerous, dominant, oncogene, proteins, cell, tissues, organs, EGFR, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, homeostasis, resistance, ligand, plasma membrane, signaling, tumor.
