In Paragraph 3, the author uses the words “rudimentary” and “smoky” to describe the cookstoves used in developing countries.

How do those words affect the meaning of the article?


The words establish the author of the article as an expert on cookstoves.

The words imply that cookstoves are something negative.

The words show that people in developing countries dislike cookstoves.

The words hint that cookstoves are not as bad as many people believe they are.