The option which best describes the rhetorical devices used by Queen Elizabeth says she used pathos with the troops and logos with the Parliament. (last option)
Both pathos and logos are rhetorical devices, which means they are techniques used by speakers to persuade their audience. The difference between them is that they appeal to different things.
Pathos appeals to the audience's emotions, such as pity, compassion, empathy, etc. Logos, on the other hand, appeals to logic and rationality as the speaker explains something through to the conclusion.
Queen Elizabeth uses pathos when talking to the troops in order to inspire and encourage them. She uses logos when addressing the Parliament in order to provide rational explanations.
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