Which of the following statements from the background information best explains the meaning of a revolution?

1. “As in North America, a combination of ideology, geopolitics, and material interests motivated the revolutionaries.

2.”Both revolutionary movements were also civil wars of sorts, pitting pro-independence factions against those who fought for the continuation of the colonial connection.”

3. “Of all the revolutions in modern history, those in Spanish America in the early nineteenth century might be most closely related to the eighteenth-century revolution that created the United States”

4. None of the above.